As a rule, a fume cupboard consists of a fire and chemical-resistant work surface enclosed by fixed glass walls. Access is via a movable front panel. When closed, the fume cupboard provides safety from splashing liquids, splinters, uncontrolled reactions or other accidents. Digestors usually have connections for electricity, natural gas, nitrogen and cooling water, as well as drains. The design is regulated in the European standard EN 14175.

Gases, vapours, dust and aerosols are immediately extracted from the air via a ventilation system with a suitable filter, for example a HEPA or carbon filter, and the experimenter is reliably protected from harmful substances. However, optimum suction performance can only be achieved when the windows are closed.

Fume bonnets are used in a wide variety of laboratories: In clinical diagnostic testing, biological and medical research, analytical chemistry, quality control, biotechnology, the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry, petrochemicals, cosmetics and the electronics industry.

Whether the use of a fume cupboard is necessary depends on the hazardous substances used. Information on this can be found on the respective safety data sheet for the hazardous substances used. If there is a risk of fire, dust or gas development, the use of a fume cupboard is mandatory.

To ensure the safety of the user and the working environment at all times, many appliances offer the option of permanently monitoring the most important functions. In the event of faults, they emit acoustic or visual warning signals - for example, if the suction power is too low, if the ventilation is faulty or in the event of a power failure.

In addition to the design, the testing and maintenance of fume cupboards is also regulated in European standard EN 14175. Fume cupboards must be checked for functionality before commissioning and regularly, but at least once a year, and serviced immediately if necessary. The results of the tests and maintenance must be documented in logs.